Options trade strategy
If the volatility of the underlying asset increases, larger price swings increase the possibilities of substantial moves both up and down. Greater price swings will increase the chances of an event occurring.
Option Strategies
Therefore, the greater the volatility, the greater the price of the option. Options trading and volatility are intrinsically linked to each other in this way. On most U. The majority of the time, holders choose to take their profits by trading out closing out their position. This means that option holders sell their options in the market, and writers buy their positions back to close.
Fluctuations in option prices can be explained by intrinsic value and extrinsic value , which is also known as time value.
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An option's premium is the combination of its intrinsic value and time value. Intrinsic value is the in-the-money amount of an options contract, which, for a call option, is the amount above the strike price that the stock is trading. Time value represents the added value an investor has to pay for an option above the intrinsic value. This is the extrinsic value or time value. So, the price of the option in our example can be thought of as the following:. In real life, options almost always trade at some level above their intrinsic value, because the probability of an event occurring is never absolutely zero, even if it is highly unlikely.
American options can be exercised at any time between the date of purchase and the expiration date. European options are different from American options in that they can only be exercised at the end of their lives on their expiration date. The distinction between American and European options has nothing to do with geography, only with early exercise. Many options on stock indexes are of the European type. Because the right to exercise early has some value, an American option typically carries a higher premium than an otherwise identical European option.
This is because the early exercise feature is desirable and commands a premium. There are also exotic options , which are exotic because there might be a variation on the payoff profiles from the plain vanilla options. Or they can become totally different products all together with "optionality" embedded in them.
For example, binary options have a simple payoff structure that is determined if the payoff event happens regardless of the degree. Other types of exotic options include knock-out, knock-in, barrier options, lookback options, Asian options , and Bermudan options. Again, exotic options are typically for professional derivatives traders. Options can also be categorized by their duration.
Short-term options are those that expire generally within a year.
All About Options Strategy
Long-term options with expirations greater than a year are classified as long-term equity anticipation securities or LEAPs. LEAPS are identical to regular options, they just have longer durations. Options can also be distinguished by when their expiration date falls. Sets of options now expire weekly on each Friday, at the end of the month, or even on a daily basis. Index and ETF options also sometimes offer quarterly expiries.
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More and more traders are finding option data through online sources. While each source has its own format for presenting the data, the key components generally include the following variables:. The simplest options position is a long call or put by itself. This position profits if the price of the underlying rises falls , and your downside is limited to loss of the option premium spent.
This position pays off if the underlying price rises or falls dramatically; however, if the price remains relatively stable, you lose premium on both the call and the put. You would enter this strategy if you expect a large move in the stock but are not sure which direction. Basically, you need the stock to have a move outside of a range. A similar strategy betting on an outsized move in the securities when you expect high volatility uncertainty is to buy a call and buy a put with different strikes and the same expiration—known as a strangle.
A strangle requires larger price moves in either direction to profit but is also less expensive than a straddle. Below is an explanation of straddles from my Options for Beginners course:. Spreads use two or more options positions of the same class. They combine having a market opinion speculation with limiting losses hedging.
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Spreads often limit potential upside as well. Yet these strategies can still be desirable since they usually cost less when compared to a single options leg.
Options Strategy
Vertical spreads involve selling one option to buy another. Generally, the second option is the same type and same expiration, but a different strike. A bull call spread, or bull call vertical spread, is created by buying a call and simultaneously selling another call with a higher strike price and the same expiration. The spread is profitable if the underlying asset increases in price, but the upside is limited due to the short call strike. The benefit, however, is that selling the higher strike call reduces the cost of buying the lower one. Similarly, a bear put spread, or bear put vertical spread, involves buying a put and selling a second put with a lower strike and the same expiration.
If you buy and sell options with different expirations, it is known as a calendar spread or time spread. Combinations are trades constructed with both a call and a put. Why not just buy the stock? Maybe some legal or regulatory reason restricts you from owning it. But you may be allowed to create a synthetic position using options.
A butterfly consists of options at three strikes, equally spaced apart, where all options are of the same type either all calls or all puts and have the same expiration.
How to trade options
In a long butterfly, the middle strike option is sold and the outside strikes are bought in a ratio of buy one, sell two, buy one. If this ratio does not hold, it is not a butterfly. The outside strikes are commonly referred to as the wings of the butterfly, and the inside strike as the body.
The value of a butterfly can never fall below zero. Closely related to the butterfly is the condor - the difference is that the middle options are not at the same strike price. Because options prices can be modeled mathematically with a model such as the Black-Scholes, many of the risks associated with options can also be modeled and understood.
This particular feature of options actually makes them arguably less risky than other asset classes, or at least allows the risks associated with options to be understood and evaluated. Individual risks have been assigned Greek letter names, and are sometimes referred to simply as "the Greeks. Hope you enjoyed the options trading education.
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